The Writing Paper, decoded
Everything you need for the B2 First Writing exam: task formats, model answers, the official assessment rubric, and timed practice with self-marking.
What you'll be asked to do
The Cambridge B2 First Writing paper takes 80 minutes and is split into two parts. You must complete both. Each part is worth 20 marks (40 total) and the two carry equal weight in your final Writing score.
Opinion essay
You're given a topic and two ideas. You must write an essay explaining which idea is more important, and add a third idea of your own.
- Length: 140–190 words
- Register: semi-formal / neutral
- Focus: opinion with reasons and examples
Pick from four task types
You're given three options from the four below. Each has its own context, reader and register.
Article
Engaging, personal
Email / Letter
Formal or informal
Report
Neutral, headings
Review
Describe and evaluate
All Part 2 tasks: 140–190 words.
How to manage the 80 minutes
- Part 1 — 40 min: 5 planning, 25 writing, 10 checking.
- Part 2 — 40 min: 5 choosing and planning, 25 writing, 10 checking.
- Always plan before you write — examiners reward clear organisation, and unplanned essays drift.
- Word count matters: under-length loses Content marks; massively over-length suggests poor control.
The opinion essay
You'll see a topic (often introduced as something discussed in class) and two ideas related to the topic. Your task is to discuss both ideas, say which is more important, and add a third idea of your own.
What examiners want to see
- Both given ideas discussed — don't ignore either one
- A third idea of your own that's clearly different from the two given
- A clear opinion on which idea is more important, with reasons
- Organised paragraphs with basic linking
- A range of B2-level vocabulary and grammar
Suggested structure
- Introduction (20–30 words): introduce the topic and signal that you'll discuss multiple points.
- Idea 1 (40–50 words): discuss the first given idea with a reason or example.
- Idea 2 (40–50 words): discuss the second given idea. Say which you think is more important and why.
- Your own idea (30–40 words): add your third point with brief support.
- Conclusion (20–30 words): restate your opinion clearly.
Four or five short paragraphs is the safest structure at B2.
Sample task
Topic: In your English class, you have been discussing ways to protect the environment. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
"The most important thing people can do to help the environment is to change their daily habits."
Notes — Write about:
- recycling
- using public transport
- ……………… (your own idea)
Many people believe that changing everyday habits is the best way to protect the environment. There are several things we can all do, and in this essay I will discuss three of them.
Firstly, recycling is something everyone can do at home. By sorting waste and reusing materials, we reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills. However, recycling alone is not enough to solve the problem.
In my opinion, using public transport is even more important. Cars are one of the biggest sources of pollution, and if more people took buses or trains, we could significantly reduce carbon emissions. This is particularly true in large cities, where traffic is already a serious issue.
Another point worth considering is reducing meat consumption. The meat industry produces enormous amounts of greenhouse gases, and eating less meat is one of the simplest changes an individual can make.
In conclusion, while recycling and public transport are both valuable, I believe that changing what we eat may have the greatest overall impact on the environment.
Word count: 175. Semi-formal register, five-paragraph structure, both notes covered plus own idea, clear opinion with reasons.
Useful language for Part 1
Introducing the topic
- Many people believe that…
- There is a lot of debate about…
- In this essay, I will discuss…
- It is often argued that…
Comparing ideas
- In my opinion, … is more important because…
- While both ideas have merit, I believe…
- Although … is useful, … has a greater impact.
- On the other hand, …
Adding your own idea
- Another point worth considering is…
- We should also take into account…
- In addition to this, I would argue that…
- A further aspect that deserves attention is…
Concluding
- In conclusion, I firmly believe that…
- To sum up, while both ideas are valid, …
- All things considered, …
- Taking everything into account, …
Choose one task from three
The exam offers three of the four task types below. Read all three carefully before choosing — pick the one whose context, reader and register you can handle most confidently, not just the one with the most familiar topic.
Article
Articles are written for a magazine, website or school publication. They should engage the reader with a personal voice, rhetorical questions, and vivid examples. Don't be bland — examiners want to see personality.
What examiners want to see
- An interesting title that catches attention
- An opening that pulls the reader in — a question, an observation, a bold statement
- A personal voice — first person is expected
- Concrete examples, not just vague opinions
- A closing thought that the reader takes away
Suggested structure
- Title: short and engaging — not just the topic restated.
- Introduction (30–40 words): hook the reader with a question or interesting statement.
- Development (80–110 words): two paragraphs developing your ideas with examples.
- Conclusion (20–30 words): a thought worth remembering — not a flat summary.
Sample task
You see this announcement in an English-language magazine:
We'd like to hear from our readers! Write an article about a hobby or activity that has changed your life. Tell us what you do and why you would recommend it to others.
Write your article in 140–190 words.
The Joy of Running
Have you ever tried something you were absolutely sure you would hate? That was me and running two years ago.
A friend persuaded me to join a beginners' running group, and I reluctantly agreed. The first few sessions were painful — my legs ached and I could barely finish a kilometre. But within a month, something changed. I started looking forward to it. Running became the part of my day when I could switch off from work, think clearly, and feel genuinely good about myself.
What I love most is how simple it is. You don't need expensive equipment or a gym membership — just a pair of trainers and the willingness to step outside. It has improved my fitness, my sleep, and, surprisingly, my confidence.
If you've never tried running, give it a chance. You might be surprised by how much it changes your day.
Word count: 156. Engaging title, direct reader address, personal anecdote with specific detail, recommendation with reasons.
Useful language for articles
Hooks & openings
- Have you ever wondered…?
- Most people would agree that…
- There's nothing quite like…
- I used to think… until…
Engaging the reader
- You might be surprised to learn that…
- If you've ever felt that…, you'll understand.
- Sound familiar?
- The truth is that…
Personal voice
- Personally, I believe that…
- In my experience, …
- What surprised me most was…
- I have to admit that…
Memorable closings
- Give it a try — you won't regret it.
- It's a small change that makes a big difference.
- You might just discover something new about yourself.
- After all, the best things in life are…
Email / Letter
At B2, you might be asked to write a formal letter or email (to a manager, an organisation) or an informal email (to a friend). Read the task carefully to identify which register is needed — the tone must match the reader.
What examiners want to see
- The correct register — formal or informal as required
- All content points from the task addressed
- Appropriate opening and closing formulae
- Clear paragraphing — one main point per paragraph
- A clear purpose — complaining, inviting, requesting, thanking, etc.
Suggested structure
- Greeting: Dear Sir/Madam (formal) or Hi/Dear + name (informal)
- Opening (20–30 words): state why you're writing.
- Body (80–110 words): two or three paragraphs covering the content points.
- Closing (20–30 words): sign off appropriately.
- Formal: avoid contractions (I'm, don't), slang, emojis
- Informal: avoid overly stiff language (I am writing to inform you…); use contractions naturally
- Mixing registers — starting formally and drifting into chatty language
Sample task
You have received this email from your English-speaking friend Alex:
Write your email in 140–190 words.
Hi Alex,
Great news — I'd love to see you! Next month is actually one of the best times to visit. The weather should be warm and sunny, around 25 degrees most days, so pack light clothes and don't forget sunscreen.
There's loads we can do while you're here. I'd definitely recommend a day trip to the coast — the beaches are beautiful and there are some great seafood restaurants nearby. We could also visit the old town, which has some amazing architecture and a fantastic market on Saturdays.
As for things to bring, honestly you don't need to worry about anything. But if it's not too much trouble, could you bring some of that tea I liked when I visited you? I haven't been able to find it here!
Let me know your dates and I'll sort everything out.
Can't wait!
Sam
Word count: 161. Informal register, friendly tone, all three content points addressed, natural contractions and chatty style.
Useful language
Formal openings
- I am writing to enquire about…
- I am writing with regard to…
- I would like to draw your attention to…
- I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with…
Informal openings
- Great to hear from you!
- Thanks for your email — it was lovely to hear from you.
- Guess what? …
- Sorry it's taken me so long to reply!
Formal closings
- I look forward to hearing from you.
- I would be grateful for a prompt reply.
- Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely
- Please do not hesitate to contact me.
Informal closings
- Anyway, I'd better go — talk soon!
- Let me know what you think.
- Can't wait to hear from you!
- Take care / All the best
Report
Reports are written for a teacher, principal, or committee. They describe a situation and make recommendations. Use headings to organise your report — this is what distinguishes it from an essay.
What examiners want to see
- Clear headings — this is the defining feature of a report
- An impersonal, neutral tone — avoid chatty language
- Description of the current situation followed by recommendations
- Recommendations that are specific and practical
- Logical organisation under each heading
Suggested structure
- Introduction: state the purpose of the report in one or two sentences.
- Current situation (1–2 headings): describe what exists or what happened.
- Recommendations: suggest specific improvements or actions.
Sample task
The director of your English language school has asked students to write a report on the school's social programme (trips, events, and clubs). You should describe what is currently available and suggest improvements.
Write your report in 140–190 words.
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the school's current social programme and suggest ways it could be improved.
Current provision
The school currently offers a weekly film night and a monthly trip to a local attraction. While both are popular, several students have mentioned that the range of activities is limited and that events are not well publicised.
Areas for improvement
A number of students have expressed interest in sports activities and cooking classes. In addition, it would be beneficial to create a noticeboard or social media page where upcoming events are announced in advance.
Recommendations
I would recommend introducing at least two new weekly activities, such as a football club and a cooking workshop. Furthermore, a dedicated Instagram page for the social programme would help increase student participation.
Word count: 148. Clear headings, impersonal tone, description followed by specific recommendations.
Useful language for reports
Introducing the report
- The aim of this report is to…
- This report is intended to…
- The purpose of this report is to evaluate…
- This report has been prepared in response to…
Describing the situation
- The majority of students feel that…
- A number of people have expressed concern about…
- It is generally agreed that…
- The current situation is that…
Recommending
- I would strongly recommend that…
- It would be advisable to…
- One possible solution would be to…
- It might be worth considering…
Concluding
- On the whole, the programme is…
- In light of the above, I believe…
- These changes would significantly improve…
- If these suggestions are implemented, …
Review
Reviews are written for a magazine, website or English teacher. You describe something (a film, book, restaurant, event), evaluate it (strengths and weaknesses), and give a recommendation. A good review has both positive and negative points.
What examiners want to see
- A clear description of the thing being reviewed — the reader needs to understand what it is
- Evaluation — not just "it was great" but why it was great (or not)
- At least one reservation or weakness — pure praise is not convincing
- A clear recommendation at the end — who should experience this?
- An engaging tone — somewhere between formal and chatty
Suggested structure
- Introduction (25–35 words): name the thing, give basic context.
- Description (35–45 words): briefly describe what it is / what happens.
- Evaluation (50–70 words): what's good, what's less good, why.
- Recommendation (25–35 words): who would enjoy it, and would you recommend it?
Sample task
You see this in an English-language magazine:
Reviews wanted! Have you seen a good film recently? Write a review of a film you have seen, including what you liked and didn't like about it, and whether you would recommend it.
Write your review in 140–190 words.
I recently watched The Shawshank Redemption, a classic drama that I had somehow never seen before, and I can honestly say it deserves its reputation.
The film follows Andy Dufresne, a banker wrongly convicted of murder, and his friendship with a fellow prisoner over twenty years. The story moves slowly but deliberately, building towards one of the most satisfying endings I have ever seen.
What impressed me most was the acting. Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman give performances that feel completely real, and the relationship between their characters is both moving and believable. The film also looks beautiful — every shot of the prison is carefully composed.
If I had one criticism, it would be the pacing. Some scenes in the middle feel a little slow, and younger viewers might find it old-fashioned compared to modern thrillers.
Overall, I would highly recommend this film to anyone who enjoys character-driven stories. It is a film that stays with you long after the credits roll.
Word count: 174. Description, balanced evaluation (praise + reservation), clear recommendation with target audience.
Useful language for reviews
Introducing
- I recently watched / read / visited…
- … is a film / book / restaurant that…
- This is a … set in…
- If you're looking for…, this is worth considering.
Praising
- What impressed me most was…
- The best thing about it is…
- It is particularly good at…
- I was pleasantly surprised by…
Criticising
- If I had one criticism, it would be…
- The only downside is that…
- It could be improved by…
- On the negative side, …
Recommending
- I would highly recommend it to…
- It's ideal for anyone who enjoys…
- I wouldn't hesitate to recommend it.
- It's definitely worth seeing / reading / trying.
The four assessment criteria
Cambridge examiners score every Writing task on four equally weighted criteria, each on a 0–5 scale. That gives a maximum of 20 marks per task, and 40 marks for the paper. No single criterion can rescue you if another is weak — a linguistically impressive essay that ignores half the task still scores badly on Content.
Content
0–5 marksHave you done what the task asked? All required points covered, nothing essential missing, the target reader would be informed or persuaded as appropriate.
Communicative Achievement
0–5 marksIs the register and tone right? A formal letter that drifts into slang, or an article with no engaging features, is penalised here regardless of how accurate the language is.
Organisation
0–5 marksIs the text coherently structured? Examiners look at paragraphing, flow of ideas, and cohesive devices. Reward variety — not just "Firstly… Secondly… In conclusion".
Language
0–5 marksHow wide and accurate is your range? At B2, examiners want to see vocabulary beyond the basics and a mix of simple and complex grammar. Errors are accepted if they don't impede communication.
What this means for your writing
- Cover every content point. If the task gives you three things to write about, write about all three. Missing one caps your Content score.
- Match the genre. A report needs headings. An article needs a title and personality. An informal email needs contractions and a friendly tone.
- Vary your linkers. Using "Firstly… Secondly… Thirdly…" in every essay limits your Organisation score. Mix it up.
- Show range. Don't just use "good" and "bad" — use "beneficial", "impressive", "disappointing". Show the examiner you have vocabulary.
- Check your word count. 140–190 words. Too short means missing content; too long suggests you can't control your writing.
Write under exam conditions
Choose a task type, hit start, and write in the editor below. The word counter turns green when you're inside the target range. When you finish, use the self-assessment checklist to mark yourself against the four criteria.
Mini guide for this task type
Self-assessment — mark each criterion honestly
Content
Communicative Achievement
Organisation
Language
Aim for 10+ ticks for a band 4–5 response. Fewer than 7 suggests serious work is needed before exam day.
B2 Writing Phrase Bank
Key phrases and expressions organised by task type. Use these to improve your register and show the range expected at B2 level.
Introducing the topic
- Nowadays, many people believe that…
- There is a lot of debate about whether…
- It is often argued that…
- In this essay, I will discuss…
- One of the most important issues today is…
Presenting arguments
- One of the main reasons for this is that…
- Another advantage / disadvantage is that…
- It is widely accepted that…
- From my point of view, …
- There is no doubt that…
Contrasting
- On the other hand, …
- However, it could be argued that…
- While this may be true, …
- Despite this, …
- Although … is important, I believe…
Concluding
- In conclusion, I believe that…
- To sum up, …
- All things considered, …
- Taking everything into account, …
- On balance, I would say that…
Engaging openings
- Have you ever wondered…?
- Imagine this: …
- Most people would agree that…
- I'll never forget the time I…
- There's something about … that makes it special.
Developing your point
- In my experience, …
- What I find most interesting is…
- The reason I feel so strongly about this is…
- It's not just about … — it's also about…
- What makes it special is that…
Addressing the reader
- You might be surprised to hear that…
- If you haven't tried it yet, …
- Next time you're looking for…, consider…
- Trust me when I say that…
- Think about it — when was the last time you…?
Memorable endings
- So, what are you waiting for?
- You won't regret it.
- It might just change your life.
- Give it a try — you have nothing to lose.
- And that, in my opinion, is what makes it worthwhile.
Formal openings
- I am writing to enquire about…
- I am writing with regard to…
- I would like to express my concern about…
- Further to your advertisement, …
- I am writing to apply for the position of…
Informal openings
- Great to hear from you!
- Thanks for your message.
- Sorry I haven't written for ages!
- Guess what happened…
- How are things? I've got some great news!
Formal closings
- I look forward to hearing from you.
- I would be grateful if you could…
- Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely
- Thank you in advance for your assistance.
- Please do not hesitate to contact me.
Informal closings
- Write back soon!
- Anyway, that's all for now.
- Can't wait to see you!
- Let me know what you think.
- Take care / Lots of love / See you soon
Introducing the report
- The purpose of this report is to…
- This report aims to evaluate…
- The following report is based on…
- I was asked to prepare a report on…
- This report will examine…
Describing findings
- The majority of people felt that…
- It was found that…
- According to the survey, …
- A significant number of participants said…
- The main problem identified was…
Recommending
- I would strongly recommend…
- It would be advisable to…
- I suggest that we / they…
- One possible improvement would be…
- It might be worth considering…
Concluding
- Overall, the situation is…
- In light of the findings, …
- If these recommendations are followed, …
- To conclude, the main areas for improvement are…
- These changes would benefit…
Introducing the review
- I recently watched / read / visited…
- … is a film / book / place that…
- If you're looking for…, look no further.
- This is a … that really stands out from…
- I first heard about … from a friend.
Positive evaluation
- What I enjoyed most was…
- The best aspect is undoubtedly…
- I was particularly impressed by…
- It really stands out because…
- One thing that surprised me was…
Negative evaluation
- The only thing I would criticise is…
- If I had to find a fault, …
- One area that could be improved is…
- It was slightly let down by…
- My only reservation is that…
Recommending
- I would highly recommend it to…
- Anyone who enjoys … will love this.
- It's well worth seeing / reading / trying.
- I wouldn't hesitate to recommend it.
- If you get the chance, don't miss it.
Giving opinions
- In my opinion, …
- I strongly believe that…
- As far as I'm concerned, …
- From my point of view, …
- Personally, I think that…
Adding information
- Furthermore, …
- In addition to this, …
- What is more, …
- Not only… but also…
- Apart from that, …
Giving examples
- For example, …
- For instance, …
- A good example of this is…
- This can be seen in…
- To illustrate this point, …
Cause & result
- As a result, …
- Consequently, …
- This is due to the fact that…
- Because of this, …
- This means that…